Water Resources of Medina During the Prophet Muhammad’s Period and His Water Practices

This study aims to achieve two main objectives. First, it identifies the water resources available in Medina during Prophet Muhammad’s era (622–632) based on historical accounts. Second, it examines the Prophet’s principles and practices regarding the fair, Islamic, and humane use of these resources. Despite experiencing population growth after the Hijrah, Medina—though relatively well-resourced by Arabian standards—lacked surface water such as rivers. Instead, its water needs were met through wells dug into the volcanic terrain known as harra. A total of 44 wells have been identified from this period: 23 associated with the Prophet, 12 with other individuals, and 9 located near the city. Recognizing the vital importance of water, Prophet Muhammad prohibited its monopolization and promoted equitable access. He encouraged Muslims to purchase and endow wells for public use and to dig new ones. He also emphasized the virtue of providing water to animals and barren lands. As a fundamental resource essential to human civilization, water was central to the Prophet’s vision for a just and civil society in Medina. He established regulations regarding well ownership and land usage and warned against polluting or wasting water, even during religious rituals. The Prophet also abolished harmful pre-Islamic water customs. Given that millions today still lack access to clean, safe drinking water, the relevance and foresight of his practices are especially significant. This study, based on document analysis—a qualitative research method—draws primarily on Islamic historical sources, especially those concerning the history of Medina. It also provides insight into the social, economic, and daily life of Medina through the lens of water as a basic human necessity.

Yorum yazın