al-Masaha (science of measuring) is one of the four principal disciplines that are formed as a result of shaping the mathematical accumulation that Islamic Civilization mathematicians inherited from previous civilizations around two basic objects, namely number/al-adad/discontinuous quantity and magnitude/al-miqdar/continuous quantity. While alhisab (arithmetic) and algebra revolve around the number, al-handasa (theoretical geometry) revolves around the magnitude. But al-masaha has a different position in that it concerns both objects.

Abûbakr Muhammad Ibn al-Walîd al-Turtûshî was born in Tortossa of Andalusia in 451 H / 1059 AD. He was a Mâlikî scholar, a poet of lyrical verses and a thinker on ethics and politics. He traveled from the “West” i.e. Andalusia, to the “East” of Arabian countries and died in 520 H / 1126 AD in Alexandria.

This article examines the urban design and monuments produced in Eskişehir within the context of tourism, cultural industry and the production of ideological imagery during the period of Mayor Yılmaz Büyükerşen (1999-2020), referring to world cities in general and to Ankara in particular. It analyses the socio-economic, political and cultural dynamics of the formation of urban space and tries to answer questions such as how the intended and unintended fragments of post-modern ideological theme parks shaped the urban landscape, how historicism in urban design, renovation and gentrification was instrumentalized as an ideological expression, and how the roles of mayors were socially constructed and approved.